The 1968 Johnson welfare reform included a "no-man-in-the-house" rule that required fathers to be absent for families to receive Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). This policy originated from the Social Security Act of 1935 and was adjusted to incentivize single-parent households. Personal anecdotes describe welfare workers conducting night searches to ensure no able-bodied men were living in the homes of recipients, leading to the displacement of black men from the family structure.