Topic: Great Migration

The "Red Summer" of 1919 is analyzed as a period where racial riots and the "Red Scare" intersected. In Chicago, the Black population doubled due to the Great Migration, leading to housing and job competition with European immigrants. The government feared that "serious" Black people were being radicalized by Bolsheviks, leading to the monitoring of Black newspapers by J. Edgar Hoover and the labeling of civil rights groups as communist fronts.

The hosts provide historical context on the 1955 murder of Emmett Till and its role in the Civil Rights Movement. They suggest that such stories were sometimes used selectively by media to drive the Great Migration and facilitate land theft in the South, while ignoring similar tragedies in Northern cities like Chicago.

Richard Rothstein, author of The Color of Law, explains how the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Public Works Administration (PWA) intentionally created racial segregation in American cities. Rothstein details how the government demolished integrated neighborhoods to build separate housing projects for whites and Blacks, eventually pushing white families into subsidized suburbs while leaving Black families in deteriorating urban centers. This systemic movement of jobs and resources created the modern "urban" landscape.

Author Isabel Wilkerson describes the "Great Migration," where millions of Black Americans fled the Jim Crow South for Northern industrial cities like New York and Chicago. This exodus was driven by the need for labor during World War I and the mechanization of cotton picking in 1927, which displaced agricultural workers. The hosts discuss the "Red Summer" of 1919 and the subsequent creation of "urban" identity, noting that Black migrants were often used as a wedge to drive down wages for white workers.

The Great Migration of Black Americans from the rural South to Northern cities led to a loss of agricultural autonomy and the rise of urban food deserts. In the South, families maintained gardens and canned their own produce, but urban segregation forced a reliance on processed, off-brand foods. This shift in food flow and control is identified as a primary cause of the modern health crisis in Black communities.

During the Great Migration, black families often rented from or backfilled neighborhoods previously occupied by other ethnic groups, such as Jewish immigrants, leading to localized tensions. By the 1930s, the government institutionalized a national appraisal system that treated race as a primary factor in determining financial risk for 239 cities.

A 1967 CBS News special profiles Black families who moved from Alabama to Chicago's South Side during the Great Migration. The segment highlights the harsh reality of northern tenements and mentions the stoning of a Black child on a segregated Chicago beach, contrasting it with the more famous Emmett Till narrative.